If you are thinking about applying for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), one of the first things to understand is how disability is defined. SSDI follows a very strict standard, and not every medical condition will qualify. Knowing what the Social Security Administration looks for can help you better prepare for the application process.
SSDI is designed for people who can no longer work due to a long-term or severe health condition. This definition is different from what you might find in private insurance policies or short-term disability plans.
Qualifying disability rules
SSDI benefits are only available to individuals with total disabilities. To qualify, all of the following must be true:
- You cannot work at a substantial gainful activity (SGA) level: This means you are unable to earn above a set monthly income because of your medical condition. The SSA uses SGA limits to determine whether your condition interferes with your ability to perform basic job functions.
- You are unable to return to work you did previously: The SSA will consider your job history to see if your condition prevents you from doing the kind of work you’ve done in the past. This includes not just physical demands but also the mental and emotional requirements of the job.
- You cannot adjust to other types of work: Even if you can’t do your past job, the SSA will evaluate whether you could reasonably switch to other work based on your age, education and job experience. If your condition limits this ability, it strengthens your claim.
- Your condition has lasted or is expected to last at least 12 consecutive months or result in death: Temporary conditions or short-term setbacks will not qualify. SSDI is reserved for long-term or terminal conditions that create a sustained barrier to working.
Legal guidance can help determine whether your condition meets the SSDI definition and how to present strong medical and work-related evidence for your claim.